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Pepin the Hunchback
Pepin, or Pippin, the Hunchback (French: Pépin le Bossu, German: Pippin der Buckelige; c. 767 – 811) was the eldest son of Charlemagne. Born to the Frankish noblewoman Himiltrude, Pepin probably developed kyphosis after birth, leading early medieval historians to give him the epithet "hunchback". He lived with his father’s court even after Charlemagne dismissed his mother and took another wife, Hildegard. Around 781, Pepin’s half brother Carloman was rechristened as "Pepin of Italy" – a step that may have signaled Charlemagne’s decision to disinherit the elder Pepin, for a variety of possible reasons. In 792, Pepin the Hunchback revolted against his father with a group of leading Frankish nobles, but the plot was discovered and put down before the conspirators could put it into action. Charlemagne commuted Pepin’s death sentence, having him tonsured and exiled to the monastery of Prüm instead. Since his death in 811, Pepin has been the subject of numerous works of historical fiction.
==Early life: Prior to birth (debate over legitimacy)==
The circumstances of Pepin’s birth remain unclear to modern scholars, especially regarding the legitimacy of his mother’s union to Charles. Most Carolingian-era sources dismiss Charles’s first union as illegitimate. The contemporary historian Einhard writes merely that Pepin was born to a "concubine", and he does not list him among Charlemagne’s legitimate offspring.〔Einhard, and Notker The Stammerer. Two Lives of Charlemagne. Trans. David Ganz. N.p.: Penguin, 2008.〕 Although it is possible that Pepin was born to a now-forgotten concubine, Einhard is probably referring to Himiltrude – the first child-bearing partner of Charlemagne, about whom little is now known.〔Hodgkin, Thomas. ''The Life of Charlemagne (Charles the Great)''. (MT ): Kessinger Pub., 2006.〕 However, Einhard and most other Carolingian historians worked in the courts of Charlemagne’s successors, and had a vested interest in undermining the legitimacy of the claims of other potential royal lines. These writers may have maligned Charles’s union to Himiltrude after the fact, in order to lend a ''post facto'' justification to Pepin’s later disinheritance.
It is possible that the union of Charlemagne and Himiltrude was a Germanic form of marriage with fewer obligations than the sacramental marriage of the Church—what some medievalists have called ''Friedelehe''—although the concept is controversial.〔Goffart, Walter. "Paul the Deacon's 'Gesta Episcoporum Mettensium' and the Early Design of Charlemagne's Succession." JSTOR. Web. 12 Dec. 2012. .〕 Paul the Deacon writes in his ''Gesta Episcoporum Mettensium'' that Pepin was born ''ante legale connubium'' or "before legal marriage", but his precise meaning is unclear: he does not specify as to whether Charles and Himiltrude were not fully, legally married by the church, or if they simply got married after Pepin was born.〔Goffart, Walter. "Paul the Deacon's 'Gesta Episcoporum Mettensium' and the Early Design of Charlemagne's Succession." JSTOR. Web. 12 Dec. 2012. .〕 In a letter to Charlemagne, Pope Stephen III described the relationship as a legitimate marriage, but he had a vested interest in preventing Charlemagne from taking a new wife—the daughter of the Lombard king Desiderius, who was a major political enemy of the papacy.〔McKitterick, Rosamond. Charlemagne: The Formation of a European Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2008.〕
After Charles ignored Stephens’s advice and married the Lombard princess Desiderata, the story of Himiltrude might have been altered and forgotten. Or, perhaps, Charles’s resentment over a deformed son led him to divorce Himiltrude once an opportune and advantageous time arrived.〔Winston, Richard. Charlemagne: From the Hammer to the Cross. Indianapolis, Indiana: Bobbs-Merrill, 1954.〕 Yet another possibility is that, when Pepin’s hunchback became evident, stories needed to change to accommodate a different heir. At any rate, concepts like legitimacy and rightful inheritance were very likely more fluid for the Carolingians than they were for later monarchies – an ambiguity that continues to provoke debate about Pepin’s disinheritance.〔Airlie, Stuart. "The Aristocracy: Captains and Kings." Charlemagne: Empire and Society. Ed. Joanna Story. Manchester: Manchester UP, 2005.〕 What we do know fairly certainly is that Charles fathered a son with a woman named Himiltrude, with whom he may or may not have been married.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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